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Bible, Honor, Honorablre, Payment, Repayment, Respect, Romans, Scripture, Tax

PAY WHAT IS DUE

ROMANS 13:7

“Pay to all what is due them: tax to whom tax is due; custom to whom custom; respect to whom respect; honor to whom honor.”

As followers of Christ, we should be law-abiding citizens. When it comes to paying taxes and obeying the authorities, we should be the first to do so. Rebellion for rebellion’s sake is not an act approved by the Scriptures. I have always attempted to follow the law and do what it requires. I may not like a certain law, but I will do my best to obey it. It was no different in Paul’s day.

As Paul concludes these verses on submitting to those in authority, he simply says to “pay to all what is due them.” The Greek word translated “pay” is apodídōmi. I love what the Topical Lexicon says about this word. “In every usage Scripture presents a God-governed moral order in which what is owed—whether money, honor, duty, or judgment—must ultimately be returned.” Paul has been telling us since verse 1 of this chapter that all authority is placed by God. That is why we “pay” them back.

APPLICATION

Paul goes on to clarify what he is telling us here. He lists four things in particular, “tax,” “custom,” respect,” and “honor.” The word “tax” refers to a property tax. The word is only used five times. It’s used twice in Luke (20:22; 23:2) where the Jews are talking about paying tax to Caesar. I don’t know about you, but I don’t really like paying property tax. But as long as the government requires it, I don’t have much of a choice.

In contrast, the word “custom” is a tax as well but refers to a mercantile tax or revenue. The Greek word is telos which is often used as “finish” or “end.” So, this “custom” or tax was paid at the end of a transaction.

“Respect” is the same word we saw back in 13:3. Here in verse 7 it is better to use the word “respect” to translate it rather than “fear” which we saw earlier. It is true that respect is earned. I get that. But we are commanded here to pay respect to our authorities because of the position they hold, not because of their personality. Don’t forget that.

And the last payment we are to make is “honor.” The Greek word is defined as the respect due to persons of distinction. Some people have trouble showing honor to people they disagree with about something. Think of this way – you are being honorable by showing honor. Isn’t that what Jesus would do? (not to be cliché) Make your payments count!

Lord, I will strive to pay what You require of me towards others.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Bible, Minister, Ministry, Romans, Scripture, Servant, Service

GOD’S MINISTERS

ROMANS 13:6

“For because of this you also pay taxes, for rulers are servants of God, devoting themselves to this very thing.”

The first thing I think of when I think of ministers is someone who is in full-time Christian ministry. But there are a lot of different kinds of ministers. For example, in many governments, elected officials are called Minsters of Parliament (MPs). That title carries with it the authority to act on behalf of their constituents in enacting laws and voting to secure funding for their districts. They are ministers of the people.

Paul uses a word today which is translated “servants” which is only used four other times in the New Testament. The word is leitourgós which “was originally a term for public service done by an official minister of the State. In classical Greek, it means ‘one who discharges a public office at his own expense, then, generally, a public servant, a minister, servant.’” (HELPS Word-studies). This term also became used for those who were in a priestly role serving the Lord. Who are our ministers today?

APPLICATION

Speaking of himself in Romans 15:16, Paul writes, “to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles, ministering as a priest the gospel of God, so that my offering of the Gentiles may become acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit.” Paul saw himself as a servant of both the Lord and the Gentiles. He was willing to lay it all on the line for both. Are you?

In Philippians 2:25, Paul calls Epaphroditus a “minister to my need.” That’s the same word. Epaphroditus came to Paul to serve him but got sick and almost died. But God healed him and he was able to return to the Philippians. Epaphroditus also laid it all on the line for the Lord and for Paul. Are you willing to be a “minister” like that?

The writer to the Hebrews uses it twice (1:7 and 8:2). The first use is in a quote from Psalm 104:4, “And regarding the angels He says, ‘HE MAKES HIS ANGELS WINDS, AND HIS MINISTERS A FLAME OF FIRE.’” The Hebrew word sharath translated “ministers” has a similar definition as leitourgós. Isn’t that cool that the angels are also God’s ministers who serve Him and His Son?

The final time leitourgós is used is Hebrews 8:2 where it describes Jesus in that role. We need to back up to verse 1, however, to get the full impact. “1 Now the main point in what has been said is this: we have such a high priest, who has taken His seat at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in the heavens, 2 a minister in the sanctuary and in the true tabernacle, which the Lord set up, not man.” Jesus called Himself a servant, did He not?

You may be a role in which you minister to others or maybe your ministry is to your family. As followers of Christ, we are all ministers (servants) of God to do His bidding. Minister to and for Him today.

Thank You, Father, for all the ministers I have in my life, both publicly and spiritually.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Quote reading 'A clear conscience is the most comfortable pillow, finding peace within' with decorative floral and celestial elements
Bible, Conscience, Romans, Scripture, Subjection, Submission

FOR THE SAKE OF CONSCIENCE

ROMANS 13:5

“Therefore it is necessary to be in subjection, not only because of wrath, but also for the sake of conscience.”

Do you want to have a clear conscience? Then do what is right and good in God’s eyes. It’s really that simple. Does having a clear conscience make things easier for you? Not necessarily. People struggle all the time with their conscience. Most of those struggles are because they are not leaning on the Word of God. We know how it can guide and strengthen us. Let’s see what Paul says about this in today’s verse.

Man, I am sure this statement, “it is necessary to be in subjection,” really didn’t sit well with the readers of this letter to the Romans. What?! We should be in subjection to this tyrannical government that has enslaved us? I cannot imagine what that was like. I have read about the circumstances but that does not do it justice. However, Paul, who lived in that same circumstance, under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, writes “it is necessary.” But let’s concentrate on the last phrase of today’s verse, “but also for the sake of conscience.”

APPLICATION

Gill’s Exposition of the Entire Bible says this “sake of conscience” means “to keep conscience clear, to exercise a good one void of offence towards God and men; for natural reason, conscience itself, dictates that there ought to be such order among men, that civil government should take place, and ought to be submitted to.” Did you catch that? “Void of offence towards God and men.” As followers of Christ, we are to try to avoid conflicts with others and God. That is done best by doing what is good. That’s been Paul’s guidance for the past few verses.

Paul gives a lengthy example of this in 1 Corinthians 10:25-33. You need to read this in context to get what Paul is saying. “25 Eat anything that is sold in the meat market without asking questions, for the sake of conscience; 26 FOR THE EARTH IS THE LORD’S, AND ALL IT CONTAINS. 27 If one of the unbelievers invites you and you want to go, eat anything that is set before you without asking questions, for the sake of conscience. 28 But if anyone says to you, ‘This is meat sacrificed to idols,’ do not eat it, for the sake of that one who informed you and for the sake of conscience; 29 Now by ‘conscience’ I do not mean your own, but the other person’s; for why is my freedom judged by another’s conscience? 30 If I partake with thankfulness, why am I slandered about that for which I give thanks? 31 Therefore, whether you eat or drink, or whatever you do, do all things for the glory of God. 32 Do not offend Jews or Greeks, or the church of God; 33 just as I also please everyone in all things, not seeking my own benefit but the benefit of the many, so that they may be saved.”

There it is – “so that they may be saved.” That is why we submit to authority. That is why we avoid conflicts and try our best to not cause an offense. We want all to come to Christ and experience a glorious salvation. Keep your conscience clear by doing what is good and thereby, leading others to Jesus.

O Lord, it is hard sometimes to avoid conflicts, but for the sake of conscience I will strive to do that.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Avenger, Bible, Evil, Good, Romans, Scripture, Sword

THE SWORD

ROMANS 13:4

“or it is a servant of God to you for good. But if you do what is evil, be afraid; for it does not bear the sword for nothing; for it is a servant of God, an avenger who brings wrath on the one who practices evil.”

I was with a friend of mine this past weekend helping him pack up some things as he prepares to move. As we were packing, I noticed a sheath on the shelf and saw the hilt of what looked like a sword. He pulled it down and showed it to me. He told me he had given it to his son at his bat Mizpah when he was thirteen. It was meant to represent the sword of the Lord, His Word. What a great idea!

Paul uses the word “sword” in today’s verse to stand for the power of the authorities God has placed over us. He uses this word here and back in Romans 8:35. The sword was meant to symbolize the power to protect the innocent but to also punish the evil doers. Remember, Paul has already stated that every authority is placed by the Lord for a reason. That sword is a reminder to us that will use these authorities in our life to keep us in line.

APPLICATION

That kind of sounds like we have to live in fear, Carl. No, no, no! Paul is very explicit here in this verse. He says, “if you do what is evil” and “the one who practice evil.” Both of these are in the Present tense which implies a lifestyle, not a one time event. We all are capable of failures from time to time. God knows we will never live a perfectly sinless life. Only His Son, Jesus, was capable of that. But we are not to make evil our normal practice.

Paul uses another word of interest in this verse. He says the person who has been placed in authority serves as “an avenger who brings wrath.” The Greek word for “avenger” is ékdikos, which is defined as “someone executing a just judgment, carrying out what is right which can include administering punishment for the wicked.” (HELPS Word-studies) If they are God’s avenger against those doing evil, why should we not choose to obey, knowing that by doing that we are really obeying the Father?

Ekdikos is only used once more in the New Testament in 1 Thessalonians 4:6 where it says, “…because the Lord is the avenger in all these things, just as we also told you previously and solemnly warned you.” You see, it is really the Lord who avenges evil. “Submit yourself, therefore, to the Lord. Resist the devil and he will flee.” (James 4:7)

I trust the sword in the hand of the authority knowing that You place all who are in authority for a purpose.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Authority, Bible, Evil, Fear, Good, Respect, Romans, Scripture

NO FEAR OF AUTHORITY

ROMANS 13:3

“For rulers are not a cause of fear for good behavior, but for evil. Do you want to have no fear of authority? Do what is good and you will have praise from the same;”

Okay, be honest. You’re traveling down the road at just over the speed limit and you see a police car. What do you do? You instinctively take your foot off the accelerator, right? You tap those brakes just a little and then you watch in your rear view mirror to see if they turn around and turn on their blue lights. That may depend on just how fast you were driving. The point is we all have that little fear of getting a speeding ticket.

Paul tells us in today’s verse to just drive the speed limit, and you will have no fear. Well, he didn’t exactly say that, but you get my drift. He asks, “Do you want to have no fear of authority?” And then he answers his own question. “Do what is good…” If we are obeying those in authority and doing good toward them, we will have no fear of them. Paul tells us those in authority are there for a reason – to point us toward good behavior.

APPLICATION

The Greek word translated by the phrase “cause of fear” is phobos. We get our word phobia from that. It’s a fear that causes you to withdraw. I have a fear of snakes. When I see one, I want to go the other direction. I can’t for the life of me understand why anyone would want to touch one, at least a live one. Paul is telling us that our authorities in our lives should not cause us to withdraw. Quite the contrary, we should be drawn to them if we are doing good.

Paul makes the point that authorities are not in our lives to make us fearful of doing good but rather to make us fearful of doing evil. That makes sense, doesn’t it? I feared my dad’s belt, not for doing good things to my siblings, but for doing bad things to them. And that fear was a healthy fear, not a scared to death fear. I knew he was shaping my future behavior by how he dealt with my misbehaviors.

What are you fearful of? I pray it’s not those in authority over you. I pray your response to them is a healthy respect and obedience, so you will not have to fear consequences for not obeying their guidance. May your response be exactly what Paul says in the last phrase of today’s verse. “Do what is good and you will have praise from the same;” Amen?

Thank You, Lord, for those whom You have placed over me. Help to bless them as I serve them.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Security officer holding a woman's arm as she resists in a crowded urban area
Bible, Scripture, Submission, Condemnation, Romans, Resistance, Opposition

OPPOSITION LEADS TO CONDEMNATION

ROMANS 13:2

“Therefore whoever resists authority has opposed the ordinance of God; and they who have opposed will receive condemnation upon themselves.”

I have had a lot of bosses in my lifetime. Some were great and others, well, not so great. When I was young, I didn’t understand the principle of submission. I just knew to do what the boss told me. My dad taught me that. He also taught me to respect anyone in authority over me. That included teachers, coaches or bosses. I sure do miss his advice and guidance.

Paul continues his teaching on submission to authority in today’s verse and this time makes it abundantly clear that resistance to authority is really opposition to God. The Greek word translated as “resists” is a strong word, stronger than “resists” implies. It’s antitássomai which means to be “squared of (opposite to); opposed to in principle and in practice.” (HELPS Word-studies). It’s in the Middle Voice which means this person is making a personal decision to resist. And the word “opposed” is anthístēmi which means to stand against someone or something.

APPLICATION

Opposition to God is not a smart thing, is it? Oh, but you don’t know my boss, Carl. They’re horrible! Let me ask you a question. Did you agree to work where you working? Then you have agreed to obey your authority. For some reason, God has placed them over you, if for nothing else to drive you to your knees to pray for them.

Paul gives another example of ungodly opposition in 2 Timothy 3:8. “Just as Jannes and Jambres opposed Moses, so these men also oppose the truth, men of depraved mind, worthless in regard to the faith.” Who were these men? They are said to be two of the magicians who opposed Moses in Egypt. Their opposition to Moses was really opposition to God since Moses was speaking for Him. We know how it ended for them, don’t we?

As you consider your response to today’s verse, ask yourself is there something you can do to better serve those in authority over you. I have always tried to work just as hard in the presence of my boss as when he/she was away. When we honor those God has place over us in this world, we are really honoring our Lord. When it’s difficult God understands and will give you the endurance to get through. Just be Jesus.

Lord, it’s hard sometimes to submit to our authorities when we disagree. Help me to focus on my submission to You.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Bible, Scripture, Submission, Authority, Subjection, Romans

SUBMIT TO AUTHORITY

ROMANS 13:1

“Every person is to be subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those which exist are established by God.”

I can think of no better passage in Scripture to address today’s verse than Mark 12:13-17. I know it’s a long passage but bear with me. “13 Then they *sent some of the Pharisees and Herodians to Him in order to trap Him in a statement. 14 They came and *said to Him, ‘Teacher, we know that You are truthful and do not care what anyone thinks; for You are not partial to anyone, but You teach the way of God in truth. Is it permissible to pay a poll-tax to Caesar, or not? 15 Are we to pay, or not pay?’ But He, knowing their hypocrisy, said to them, ‘Why are you testing Me? Bring Me a denarius to look at.’ 16 And they brought one. And He *said to them, ‘Whose image and inscription is this?’ And they said to Him, ‘Caesar’s.’ 17 And Jesus said to them, ‘Pay to Caesar the things that are Caesar’s, and to God the things that are God’s.’ And they were utterly amazed at Him.”

In Paul’s time all the ruling kingdoms were pagan kingdoms, so this was a great topic to address to first century Christians. It still applies to us today. All around us we are witnessing pure anarchy in the streets. It’s not just here in America. I hear stories from all over the world. People don’t like their government, so they revolt. As followers of Christ, we answer to a higher authority and therefore have to trust Him.

APPLICATION

Paul discusses this topic of submission to governing authorities in the first seven verses of chapter 13. Obviously, this was a question raised by more than one early follower of Christ. Were they to continue to obey Roman law? Paul basically says, “Yes.” Unless the governing authorities are telling you to do something illegal or immoral which goes against God’s law, you should obey them.

I can think of a time in the early days of the Christian movement when Peter and John faced such a question. They had been arrested by the Jewish leaders. Look what happened in Acts 4:18-20. “18 And when they had summoned them, they commanded them not to speak or teach at all in the name of Jesus. 19 But Peter and John answered and said to them, ‘Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, make your own judgment; 20 for we cannot stop speaking about what we have seen and heard.’” 

Now, listen carefully. There may come a time in your life when you are faced with such a dilemma. Do I obey the authorities even though I know it is not God’s Will or do I follow God and accept the consequences that come? There are many in the world who face that question daily. Let’s covenant to pray for them to have strength in the face of adversity. Until we are faced with such a question, we are to be obedient to God by being obedient to those in authority over us.

Sometimes Lord, it’s hard to submit to those I disagree with, but help me be obedient to You by being obedient to them.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Wooden cross on rocky mountain summit with sun setting behind clouds
Bible, Conquerors, Evil, Good, Overcome, Romans, Scripture

OVERCOMING EVIL

ROMANS 12:21

“Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.”

Have you ever let your emotions get the best of you? You know what I mean. Something happens to upset you and before you know it, you have lost your cool and said or done something that you regret. Isn’t it best to stop and count to ten before you make a hasty, often regrettable decision? I have to count to 100 sometimes to calm myself down, lol.

In this last verse of chapter 12 of Romans, Paul wraps up his discussion of how to get along with others which he started back in verse 9. He has been giving us some very practical life skills on how to live with people, whether friends or enemies. In today’s verse, he uses a Greek verb which comes from a word we are very familiar with in the sports world. The word “overcome” is nikáō which comes “from níkē, (victory) – properly, conquer (overcome); to carry off the victory, come off victorious. The verb implies a battle” (HELPS Word-studies) We’ve all heard of Nike, right? What young boy hasn’t wanted a pair of Nike Air Jordans?

APPLICATION

Paul is telling us to not allow evil to gain victory over us, to conquer us. Instead, we are to conquer our inclinations toward evil by doing good. Remember yesterday’s verse? Do good to your enemies (give them food and water). By being intentional about doing good, the desire to do evil is conquered. This verb nikáō occurs 28 times in the New Testament. And get this – 14 of those times it occurs in Revelation. The last use is in Revelation 21:7 which says, “The one who overcomes will inherit these things, and I will be his God and he will be My son.” I just love that, don’t you?

The word used for “evil” is the same word Paul used back in verse 17. It’s the Greek word kakós which really refers to the inward evil in a person. Some would define this as having a morally rotten character. It differs from poneros which refers to the effects of evil. Paul is telling us to not let this morally corrupt evil overcome us. We need to reflect the opposite and portray the love of Christ toward our enemies.

You may have someone in your life right now who tempts you toward evil. You want to repay them for all they have done to you. You want to get even. You may even wish them harm. Repent of those thoughts and do as Paul instructs. Overcome evil with good. Pray for them. Do good to them. And watch how the Lord heals your heart toward them.

O God, it’s hard to love those who hate you, but Your Son did just that. Let me show that kind of love to everyone.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Hand holding a small glowing ember with a campfire in the background
Bible, Enemies, Good, Goodness, Heart, Pain, Repentance, Romans, Scripture

BURNING COALS 

ROMANS 12:20

“‘BUT IF YOUR ENEMY IS HUNGRY, FEED HIM; IF HE IS THIRSTY, GIVE HIM A DRINK; FOR IN SO DOING YOU WILL HEAP BURNING COALS ON HIS HEAD.’”

Doing good to others is easy when it’s someone you love or like. Right? When your friends or family have a need or maybe just a want that you can meet, it feels good to do them good. But when it’s someone who does not like you and may have done you harm, the last thing you want to do is anything good for them. We’re going to see God’s response to that in today’s verse.

Remember, Paul has been talking about how to treat others for the last several verses (vs 9ff). Yesterday we saw that vengeance belongs to the Lord. He will handle any punishments for our enemies in His time. So, today’s verse just builds on that. Instead of seeking vengeance we are to do good to those who are our enemies. Paul says to “feed him” and “give him a drink.” Paul is quoting Proverbs 25:21-22 which says, “21 If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat; and if he is thirsty, give him water to drink; 22 For you will heap burning coals on his head, and the LORD will reward you.” Let’s look closer at these “burning coals.”

APPLICATION

Have you ever been burned by an ember from a fire? I have. It hurts! Fire burns and usually leaves a mark. When I was in the fourth grade (I think), we were roasting marshmallows over coals in our fireplace. Well, I used to let mine catch on fire, pull them out and blow them off. This one time I snatched it up too fast and the marshmallow stuck to my nose. Talk about painful! I looked like Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer for a while.

Albert Barnes explains what Paul is saying pretty well. “Burning coals heaped on a man’s head would be expressive of intense agony. So, the apostle says that the ‘effect’ of doing good to an enemy would be to produce pain. But the pain will result from shame, remorse of conscience, a conviction of the evil of his conduct, and an apprehension of divine displeasure that may lead to repentance.” Doing good to an enemy makes them feel uncomfortable and hopefully turns their heart toward God.

We have a great picture of this in 2 Kings 6.8-23. This is the story of when the king of Aram tried to capture Elisha the prophet. Remember the story? They surrounded the city where Elisha was, but God showed his servant the army of God that was there. The end result was the enemy army was stricken blind and led to the King of Israel in Samaria. Of course, the king of Israel thought they should kill them. But what did Elisha say? Give them bread and water and send them home. Great idea, Elisha! I love the end of verse 23, and I think it applies to our verse today. “And the marauding bands of Arameans did not come again into the land of Israel.” Those “burning coals” of goodness resulted in a change of heart for the Arameans toward Israel and Elisha.

To whom can you do good today? Let the pain of you doing good to someone who hates you cause the change in their hearts. God is able to do that. You are just being obedient to His Word.

Father, turn my heart toward goodness for my enemies rather than vengeance.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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Lightning bolt striking ancient warriors surrounded by burning tents in mountainous terrain
Bible, Enemies, Promises, Revenge, Romans, Scripture, Vengeance, Wrath

VENGEANCE IS MINE

ROMANS 12:19

“Never take your own revenge, beloved, but leave room for the wrath of God, for it is written: ‘VENGEANCE IS MINE, I WILL REPAY,’ says the Lord.”

We’ve all heard this statement from Scripture at some point in our lives. It comes from Deuteronomy 32:35 where it reads, “‘Vengeance is Mine, and retribution; in due time their foot will slip. For the day of their disaster is near, and the impending things are hurrying to them.’” We don’t have to worry about getting our own revenge on our enemies. God, in due time, will take care of that for us.

As Paul continues to tell us how to engage with others, he warns against taking our “own revenge.” The verb here is ekdikéō which means to “dispense justice, carrying a judgment completely through.” (HELPS Word-studies). This verb is used six times in the New Testament. In this verse we are warned against becoming our own self-appointed avenger. We are not in a position to judge anyone, are we?

APPLICATION

In Luke 18:1-8, Jesus tells the parable of the judge who reluctantly gave the woman justice who kept coming to him asking him to do that. That is the same verb used here in Romans. The woman could not avenge herself. She was reliant on the judge to do that for her. The same is true for us. God is the one who judges, not us.

The last time this verb is used is in Revelation 19:1-2. “1 After these things I heard something like a loud voice of a great multitude in heaven, saying, ‘Hallelujah! Salvation, glory, and power belong to our God, 2 BECAUSE HIS JUDGMENTS ARE TRUE AND RIGHTEOUS; for He has judged the great prostitute who was corrupting the earth with her sexual immorality, and HE HAS AVENGED THE BLOOD OF HIS BOND-SERVANTS ON HER.’” God will avenge His children. We may not live to see it done, but it will be done by a holy, just God.

Paul tells us in today’s verse to “leave room for the wrath of God.” Here is where we fail. We don’t leave room for God to avenge us. We retaliate first and then ask for forgiveness. That is not how God works. The word “wrath” is a strong word. Paul knew God had all power and was quite capable of handling his enemies. Can we do the same? If we can trust Him with our eternity, can’t we trust Him to handle our enemies? Surely, we can.

Lord, forgive me when I jump out in front of You to take vengeance on others.

If the Lord should lead you to support our ministry, check out our ministry page at Trans World Radio (www.twr.org/carl-willis). 

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